Big Pond Bay, Cumberland, NC

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Big Pond Bay is a bayCarolina archetype Carolina Bay located in Cumberland County, NC. Numerous other local bays show similar shape and orientation. There are no signs of artificial or natural drainage from the bay, which likely supports a naturally wet habitat within.

The historical imagery documents the construction between 1993 and 1998 of a borrow pit along the western rim. The pit was further extended between 1998 and 2005, but has not been expanded since. This activity may be an attempt to drain the bay along the western side. There is the vague suggestion of artificial drainage channel existing out the south end. None of this activity is visible in the LiDAR, flown in 2001.

Big Pond Bay has been researched by Ryan Robert Unks, who wrote a report entitled Environmental Controls of Reproduction and Early Growth of Lindera melissifolia (Lauraceae) (2011), available from this LINK. Here is an extract from Unks' description of the bay environs:
Big Pond Bay is located in Cumberland county (34.917115,-78.58577), and approximately 4,000 L. melissifolia stems occur here (North Carolina Natural Heritage Program 2010). The northern half of the bay is owned by the Plant Conservation Program of the North Carolina Department of Argriculture and Consumer Services and was seed-tree cut within the last ten years, before being acquired. In areas where L. melissifolia is present, the soils are Rains sandy loam, a typic paleaquult (Soil Survey Staff 2011) and A. rubrum, P. taeda, Lyonia lucida, Ilex glabra, and Smilax laurifolia are the most common species. The uncut portion of the bay has a mixed canopy of T. ascendens, N. biflora, A. rubrum, and P. taeda. Many areas of both the cut and uncut areas within Big Pond Bay were submerged in >20 cm of water in April 2010 as well as Winter 2010/11.

Lindera melissifolia adults were observed under a variety of overstory conditions at both sites ranging from 5.5—86.6% transmittance, and to co-occur with both sun and shade species. Leaves of adults present in the areas of highest transmittance had a curled form, similar to those described by Aleric and Kirkman (2005) under high light and presumed stress. Thirty-five seedlings were observed under conditions of 1.5—6.5% transmittance. Seedlings were all growing in a 2.5—5 cm thick layer of pine and deciduous leaf litter, indicating that leaf litter is not preventing germination. No clear patterns of hydrological or microtopographical affinity were indicated by a cursory survey.

Ryan Robert Unks 2011
The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program produced a report that further details Big Pond Bay: Natural Area Inventory Of Cumberland County, North Carolina by R. LeBlond and B. Sorrie (2002). I have assembled an excerpt in PDF format, available HERE, some of the contents included here:
SITE DESCRIPTION: Big Pond Bay is a moderately small Carolina bay with a forested interior that appears to reflect past hydrologic changes. The canopy is dominated by loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and pond cypress (Taxodium ascendens). The shrub layer is dense in the outer portion and patchy in the inner portion, where it is intermixed with sphagnous openings. These conditions suggest that the interior of the bay was ponded in the past (as suggested by pond cypress and the site’s name), but that the water table has since lowered (as suggested by pond-intolerant loblolly pine). The basin’s dense to patchy shrub layer is dominated by Carolina sheeplaurel (Kalmia carolina) and fetterbush (Lyonia lucida), with southern spicebush locally prominent.

Most of the surrounding bay rim habitat has been altered by timber management, but a small area of Xeric Sandhill Scrub Coastal Plain Variant in good condition persists at the southeast end of the site. An open to sparse canopy of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) rises above a moderate turkey oak (Quercus laevis) understory. Canopy trees are mature, reaching 15 inches in diameter. The sparse to patchy shrub layer is dominated by deerberry (Vaccinium stamineum).

R. LeBlond & B. Sorrie (2002)
The attached Photo Album includes a static Google satellite historical image from 2005, which documents clear-cutting activity on sections of the bay.

Google Streetview imagery is available along SR 2033 (Norris Road) as it passes southeast into the northeast side of the bay. An image in the album and placemarked in the KMZ file shows the roadway as it crosses into and rides along just the inside of the rim. The bay floor drops off on the right. Explore the Streetview interactively in your browser HERE.

The Carolina Bay Survey has identified and measured over 150 bays in Octant 139314. Their location and metrics can be referenced through a Fusion Table spatial visualization.
  • Index #: 139314_6634
  • Location: 34.91606687306414,-78.58640575960658
  • Major: 1.22 km . . . Minor: 0.86 km
  • Eccentricity: 0.713
  • Area: 83.06 hectares
  • Bearing: 135.3º
  • Elevation: 34.35 m
  • Archetype: bay
  • Effective Diameter: 1,028.373 m
Copyright 2018 by Michael Davias
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